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George C. Homans
George Casper Homans (August 11, 1910 – May 29, 1989) was an American Sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology and the Social Exchange Theory.
Homans is best known for his research in social behavior and his works including ''The Human Group'', ''Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms'', his Exchange Theory and the many different propositions he enforced to better explain social behavior.
==Biography==
George C. Homans was born in Boston on August 11, 1910, and he died of a heart ailment on May 29, 1989 in Cambridge, Massachusetts; when he died he left behind his wife and his three children as well as four grandchildren.〔"George Homans, 78, Sociologist And Harvard Professor Emeritus." The New York Times. The New York Times, 30 May 1989. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.〕 Son of Robert and Abigail (Adams) Homans, he was the great-great grandson of John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States, and great-great-great grandson of John Adams, the second President of the United States. From his autobiography (Homans 1984), it is learned that Homans entered Harvard College in 1928 with an area of concentration in English and American literature. By living in an environment where people are highly conscious of social relations, Homans became interested in sociology. From 1934 to 1939 he was a Junior Fellow of the newly formed Society of Fellows at Harvard, undertaking a variety of studies in various areas, including sociology, psychology, and history. Homans was taken into the graduate program at Harvard and Pitirim Sorokin who founded the Sociology Department in 1930 was credited with bringing in George Homans and Robert Merton into their graduate program.〔Sica, Alan (2005). ''Social Thought From the Enlightenment to the Present'', Pennsylvania State University, 514.〕 An important influence on Homans's perspective was Lawrence Joseph Henderson, a biochemist and sociologist who believed that all sciences should be based on a unified set of theoretical and methodological principles. Homans, with no job and nothing to do, attended Henderson's seminar at Harvard one day and was immediately taken by his lecture. As a result, Homans joined a discussion group at Harvard called the Pareto Circle, which was led by Henderson and inspired by the work of Vilfredo Pareto. Henderson often discussed Vilfredo Pareto in his lectures. Pareto was a sociologist who was concerned with economic distribution. Pareto's theories and Henderson's lectures influenced Homans's first book, co-authored with fellow Circle member Charles P. Curtis, called ''An Introduction to Pareto''.〔Homans, George Caspar, and Charles P. Curtis, Jr. 1934. ''An Introduction to Pareto, His Sociology''. New York: Knopf.〕 In 1939 he became a Harvard faculty member, a lifelong affiliation in which he taught both sociology and medieval history 'as well as studied poetry and small groups.'〔Tilly, Charles (1990). "George Caspar Homans and the Rest of Us",Springer,261-268.〕 This teaching brought him in contact with new works in industrial sociology and was exposed to works of functional anthropologists. He was an instructor of sociology until 1941 when he left to serve the U.S. Navy to support the war. After four years away, he came back to Boston and continued his teaching as an associate professor from 1946 to 1953, and a professor of sociology after 1953. He was then a visiting professor at the University of Manchester in 1953, at Cambridge University from 1955 to 1956, and at the University of Kent in 1967.〔Treviño, A. Javier (2009)〕 By virtue of his later theoretical writings (discussed below), he was elected President of the American Sociological Association in 1964. He then retired from his teaching in 1980.〔
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